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Australian
Scottish
Heritage
Scottish
Heritage
How the Scots get into Australian wallets
Most early Scots immigrants got fully involved in the local community wherever they settled,and seem to have been gifted at intergrating in their new countries,sometimes to the point that their origins were forgotten.However,a look under the surface can throw up some surprising connections with the home country.
In Australia,it takes no more than a glance at the banknotes in your hand to understand the role that Scots immigrants played in the development of that great country.All a Melbourne citizen has to do to find evidence of the Scots is look at both sides of his or her $100 bill-and a glance at both sides of the $10 bills used for tipping in that beautiful city will confirm the benevolent part the Scots have played!
Australia has currently six banknotes in circulation.Apart from the Queen,The Reserve Bank of Australia has chosen to celebrate ten people on these notes.Of these,one was born in Scotland,three are from Scots Australian families,one was probably married to a Scots Australian,two were educated in establishments founded by Scots Australians and one was a Presbyterian minister with close links to the Church of Scotland.
A woman's place-not necessarily outback;the $5 note
The $5 note shows Catherine Helen Spence who was born in Melrose in the Scottish Borders,famous for its medieval Abbey and links ith both Sir Walter Scott and the game of Rugby Sevens.
Catherine Helen Spence was a journalist,a social reformer and novelist,the leading woman in public life in late 19th and early 20th century Australia.She was the leading feminist,demanding equal opportunities for women and later hailed as the "Grand Old Woman of Australia".She was involved in writing,children's welfare,public education,citizens rights and responsibilities,electoral reform,progressing suffragist claims and was Australia's first female political candidate.She also became South Australia's first woman preacher when she delivered a sermon to an Adelaide congregation in 1878.A plaque homouring Spence's achievements was installed in 1999 in her birthplace of Melrose.
The $10 note
The $10 note is a double Scots Australian bill,which takes us into the world of iconic Australian poetry and song.
"Banjo" Paterson-Andrew Barton Paterson-was born near Orange in 1864 to a family of Scottish graziers.After school,Paterson was articled to a Sydney firm of solicitors and admitted as a solicitor in 1886.Paterson began publishing verse in the Bulletin and Sydney Mail using the pseudonyms "B" and "The Banjo".In 1895 he produced two landmark pieces of Australian writing-his world famous ballad "Waltzing Matilda" and his first poetry book The Man from Snowy River and other versus.This sold out within a week,going through four editions in six months,establishing Paterson as second only to Kipling in popularity among living poets writing in English.His poetry continues to sell well today.By his death in 1941,his reputation as the leading folk poet of Australia was assured.Incidentally,one of Australia's most popular modern folk songs,"The band played Waltzing Matilda" was written by another Scots born Australian,Eric Bogle.The song was later covered by many others including The Pogues.
Banjo's partner on this note is another Scots Australian,Dame Mary Gilmore,born Mary Cameron in 1865 in New South Wales.She was driven by a desire for social reform and used her skills in writing to spread her ideas on utopian socialism,particularly through the New Australia Movement,contributing regularly to its journal.She emigrated to a utopian community in South America at Cosme,Paraguay,but returned to Australia in 1902.She produced a very popular page for women in The Australian Worker,in which she campaigned for a wide range of social and economic reforms including women's vote,old age and invalid pensions,child endowment,poor relief and fair treatment of Aboriginies.
In the following years,Mary published volumes of prose and poetry,being honoured in 1937 as the first Dame Commander of the British Empire for contributions to literature.She continued campaigning through radio broadcasts and public appearances.
However,she is best remembered by a generation of Australians for her patriotic poems produced during the dark days of the Second World War.She strengthened the resolve of the nation with her stirring poems No Foe Shall Gather Our Harvest and Singapore,which were also praised by the (Scots) American,General Douglas MacArthur.On her death she was given a State funeral,the first for an Australian writer in forty years.
The $20 note
The $20 note shows the Reverend John Flynn who pioneered the world's first aerial medical service,the Royal Flying Doctor Service.Flynn was a Presbyterian minister,and in 1911 was appointed to the remote Smith of Dunesk Mission,at Beltana in the North Flinders Ranges of South Australia.The Presbyterian Church of Australia was closely linked to its Scottish sister church and this mission was named after its Scottish sponsor,Lady Henrietta Smith.
Flynn's detailed reports on the needs of the Aboriginal people and immigrant settlers of the Northern Territory resulted in the creation by the Presbyterian Church of its Australian Inland Mission.By 1926 the Mission had established a network of ten nursing hostels working closely with "patrol padres".Flynn's farsightedness helped set up 13 flying doctor bases around Australia,which continue to provide a safety net to 80% of Australia's landmass.The Royal Flying Doctor Service is still the largest and most comprehensive aero medical emergancy and health care service in the world and has meant that inland Australia has remained viable for its remote inhabitants.
Flynn's base at Beltana is now a state heritage area.Once a ghost town,it has been restored and attracts visitors as a time capsule of the 19th century.Thomas Elder and Robert Barr Smith,another pair of Scots Australians,built a camel stud here in 1866 and the town was the site of the first Afghan settlement in Australia.One Beltana legend tells of the local baker in the early days who thought that his valuable stock of firewood was being pilfered.The baker inserted a stick of dynamite into the woodpile to trap the thief-one night it exploded and destroyed the bakery.The ruins were discovered ten years ago and rebuilt.
The $100 note
Dame Nellie Melba was the singing superstar of her day,as famous in her field as today's other Australian singing legend Kylie Minogue.She won international recognition as an unrivalled soprano making about 200 recordings,and in 1920 she was the first international artist to do direct radio broadcasts.
Nellie Melba was born Helen Porter Mitchell at Richmond,Melbourne in 1861.Her father,David Mitchell was a Scottish building contractor and a good singer whilst her mother was her first music teacher.She was educated at the Presbyterians Ladies College,Melbourne,and another education establishment with Scottish origins.When she became a professional singer,she adopted the stage name "Melba" as a proud contradiction of her native city.Her voice was remarkable for its quality over a range of nearly three octaves.
Melba made her operatic debut in Brussels in 1887 as Gilda in Verdi's Rigoletto and went on to sing with outstanding success in Milan,London,Paris,New York and other world cities,building a reputation as one of the most accomplished and famous sopranos of her time.Covent Gardens held a permanent dressing room for its on prima donna.Her most famous operatic role was that of Mimi in Puccini's La Boheme.
For her services to the war effort,Melba was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1918.She was so popular in her day that she inspired others to pay tribute by naming things such as "soaps and sauces,ribbons and ruffles" after her.The best knon tributes are Melba toast and Peach Melba.Auguste Escoffier,the famous chef,is believed to have developed both.
Well those are our direct Scottish banknote heroes and heroines.However,others shown on the Australian notes do not escape the Scottish connection.The $100's Sir John Monash,war hero and civil engineer,as educated in the best Scottish tradition at Scotch College,Melbourne.Western Australia's Edith Cowan ($50)also appears to have been educated at a Scots founded school and married a Scots Australian;and David Unaipon,also on the $50,attended a mission station originally supported by the Church of Scotland,and his famous manuscript of Aboriginal legends was first purchased and published by a Scots-born Adelaide based anthropologist,William Smith.
And that $5 note ith the Queen? Well apart from being designed by Bruce Stewart,who wears his national origins on his name badge,if not on his sleeve,it also shows the Old Parliament House in Canberra.This iconic building was designed by John Smith Murdoch,the chief architect for the Commonwealth of Australia from 1919.
Murdoch was born in Glasgow.He designed many of the custom houses,telephone exchanges and miltary barracks required by the new Commonwealth.When the Commonwealth Parliament moved to Canberra from Melbourne in 1927,it was Murdoch's public buildings-the provisional Parliament House,the government office buildings,hotels,hostels and schools-that formed the backdrop for those living in the new capital city.
Banknotes and banks,of course,go together.And even here there are still strong links between the countries-hardly surprising given Scotland's strength in financial services and our famous reputation for being "careful" with money.Scots invested heavily in Australia,helping develop many of her industries.
Most early Scots immigrants got fully involved in the local community wherever they settled,and seem to have been gifted at intergrating in their new countries,sometimes to the point that their origins were forgotten.However,a look under the surface can throw up some surprising connections with the home country.
In Australia,it takes no more than a glance at the banknotes in your hand to understand the role that Scots immigrants played in the development of that great country.All a Melbourne citizen has to do to find evidence of the Scots is look at both sides of his or her $100 bill-and a glance at both sides of the $10 bills used for tipping in that beautiful city will confirm the benevolent part the Scots have played!
Australia has currently six banknotes in circulation.Apart from the Queen,The Reserve Bank of Australia has chosen to celebrate ten people on these notes.Of these,one was born in Scotland,three are from Scots Australian families,one was probably married to a Scots Australian,two were educated in establishments founded by Scots Australians and one was a Presbyterian minister with close links to the Church of Scotland.
A woman's place-not necessarily outback;the $5 note
The $5 note shows Catherine Helen Spence who was born in Melrose in the Scottish Borders,famous for its medieval Abbey and links ith both Sir Walter Scott and the game of Rugby Sevens.
Catherine Helen Spence was a journalist,a social reformer and novelist,the leading woman in public life in late 19th and early 20th century Australia.She was the leading feminist,demanding equal opportunities for women and later hailed as the "Grand Old Woman of Australia".She was involved in writing,children's welfare,public education,citizens rights and responsibilities,electoral reform,progressing suffragist claims and was Australia's first female political candidate.She also became South Australia's first woman preacher when she delivered a sermon to an Adelaide congregation in 1878.A plaque homouring Spence's achievements was installed in 1999 in her birthplace of Melrose.
The $10 note
The $10 note is a double Scots Australian bill,which takes us into the world of iconic Australian poetry and song.
"Banjo" Paterson-Andrew Barton Paterson-was born near Orange in 1864 to a family of Scottish graziers.After school,Paterson was articled to a Sydney firm of solicitors and admitted as a solicitor in 1886.Paterson began publishing verse in the Bulletin and Sydney Mail using the pseudonyms "B" and "The Banjo".In 1895 he produced two landmark pieces of Australian writing-his world famous ballad "Waltzing Matilda" and his first poetry book The Man from Snowy River and other versus.This sold out within a week,going through four editions in six months,establishing Paterson as second only to Kipling in popularity among living poets writing in English.His poetry continues to sell well today.By his death in 1941,his reputation as the leading folk poet of Australia was assured.Incidentally,one of Australia's most popular modern folk songs,"The band played Waltzing Matilda" was written by another Scots born Australian,Eric Bogle.The song was later covered by many others including The Pogues.
Banjo's partner on this note is another Scots Australian,Dame Mary Gilmore,born Mary Cameron in 1865 in New South Wales.She was driven by a desire for social reform and used her skills in writing to spread her ideas on utopian socialism,particularly through the New Australia Movement,contributing regularly to its journal.She emigrated to a utopian community in South America at Cosme,Paraguay,but returned to Australia in 1902.She produced a very popular page for women in The Australian Worker,in which she campaigned for a wide range of social and economic reforms including women's vote,old age and invalid pensions,child endowment,poor relief and fair treatment of Aboriginies.
In the following years,Mary published volumes of prose and poetry,being honoured in 1937 as the first Dame Commander of the British Empire for contributions to literature.She continued campaigning through radio broadcasts and public appearances.
However,she is best remembered by a generation of Australians for her patriotic poems produced during the dark days of the Second World War.She strengthened the resolve of the nation with her stirring poems No Foe Shall Gather Our Harvest and Singapore,which were also praised by the (Scots) American,General Douglas MacArthur.On her death she was given a State funeral,the first for an Australian writer in forty years.
The $20 note
The $20 note shows the Reverend John Flynn who pioneered the world's first aerial medical service,the Royal Flying Doctor Service.Flynn was a Presbyterian minister,and in 1911 was appointed to the remote Smith of Dunesk Mission,at Beltana in the North Flinders Ranges of South Australia.The Presbyterian Church of Australia was closely linked to its Scottish sister church and this mission was named after its Scottish sponsor,Lady Henrietta Smith.
Flynn's detailed reports on the needs of the Aboriginal people and immigrant settlers of the Northern Territory resulted in the creation by the Presbyterian Church of its Australian Inland Mission.By 1926 the Mission had established a network of ten nursing hostels working closely with "patrol padres".Flynn's farsightedness helped set up 13 flying doctor bases around Australia,which continue to provide a safety net to 80% of Australia's landmass.The Royal Flying Doctor Service is still the largest and most comprehensive aero medical emergancy and health care service in the world and has meant that inland Australia has remained viable for its remote inhabitants.
Flynn's base at Beltana is now a state heritage area.Once a ghost town,it has been restored and attracts visitors as a time capsule of the 19th century.Thomas Elder and Robert Barr Smith,another pair of Scots Australians,built a camel stud here in 1866 and the town was the site of the first Afghan settlement in Australia.One Beltana legend tells of the local baker in the early days who thought that his valuable stock of firewood was being pilfered.The baker inserted a stick of dynamite into the woodpile to trap the thief-one night it exploded and destroyed the bakery.The ruins were discovered ten years ago and rebuilt.
The $100 note
Dame Nellie Melba was the singing superstar of her day,as famous in her field as today's other Australian singing legend Kylie Minogue.She won international recognition as an unrivalled soprano making about 200 recordings,and in 1920 she was the first international artist to do direct radio broadcasts.
Nellie Melba was born Helen Porter Mitchell at Richmond,Melbourne in 1861.Her father,David Mitchell was a Scottish building contractor and a good singer whilst her mother was her first music teacher.She was educated at the Presbyterians Ladies College,Melbourne,and another education establishment with Scottish origins.When she became a professional singer,she adopted the stage name "Melba" as a proud contradiction of her native city.Her voice was remarkable for its quality over a range of nearly three octaves.
Melba made her operatic debut in Brussels in 1887 as Gilda in Verdi's Rigoletto and went on to sing with outstanding success in Milan,London,Paris,New York and other world cities,building a reputation as one of the most accomplished and famous sopranos of her time.Covent Gardens held a permanent dressing room for its on prima donna.Her most famous operatic role was that of Mimi in Puccini's La Boheme.
For her services to the war effort,Melba was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1918.She was so popular in her day that she inspired others to pay tribute by naming things such as "soaps and sauces,ribbons and ruffles" after her.The best knon tributes are Melba toast and Peach Melba.Auguste Escoffier,the famous chef,is believed to have developed both.
Well those are our direct Scottish banknote heroes and heroines.However,others shown on the Australian notes do not escape the Scottish connection.The $100's Sir John Monash,war hero and civil engineer,as educated in the best Scottish tradition at Scotch College,Melbourne.Western Australia's Edith Cowan ($50)also appears to have been educated at a Scots founded school and married a Scots Australian;and David Unaipon,also on the $50,attended a mission station originally supported by the Church of Scotland,and his famous manuscript of Aboriginal legends was first purchased and published by a Scots-born Adelaide based anthropologist,William Smith.
And that $5 note ith the Queen? Well apart from being designed by Bruce Stewart,who wears his national origins on his name badge,if not on his sleeve,it also shows the Old Parliament House in Canberra.This iconic building was designed by John Smith Murdoch,the chief architect for the Commonwealth of Australia from 1919.
Murdoch was born in Glasgow.He designed many of the custom houses,telephone exchanges and miltary barracks required by the new Commonwealth.When the Commonwealth Parliament moved to Canberra from Melbourne in 1927,it was Murdoch's public buildings-the provisional Parliament House,the government office buildings,hotels,hostels and schools-that formed the backdrop for those living in the new capital city.
Banknotes and banks,of course,go together.And even here there are still strong links between the countries-hardly surprising given Scotland's strength in financial services and our famous reputation for being "careful" with money.Scots invested heavily in Australia,helping develop many of her industries.
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